管式加熱爐設計 論文

青山

摘  要

管式加熱爐是一種火力加熱設備，它利用燃料在爐膛內燃燒時產生的高溫火焰與煙氣作為熱源，加熱在爐管中高速流動的介質，使其達到工藝規定的溫度，以供給介質在進行分餾、裂解或反應等加工過程中所需要的熱量，保證生產正常進行。

本設計為年產200萬噸原油圓筒管式加熱爐，在本設計中主要完成對輻射段、對流段以及煙道的工藝尺寸的計算、熱量的衡算、鋼結構的計算及校核和加熱爐各零部件的選用。其中輻射室工藝尺寸包括輻射室爐管的直徑、爐管的壁厚、爐管的長度、爐管的根數、輻射室的外形尺寸等；對流室的工藝尺寸包括對流爐管的形式、爐管的直徑、爐管的壁厚、爐管的排數及每排的根數、熱量衡算的部分包括計算燃料量、燃燒器的規格和根數。

本設計的要點是加熱爐高的熱效率，提高燃油的利用率。常采用的措施有降低爐子的排煙溫度、減小過熱空氣系數、減少化學部完全燃燒損失、減少機械不完全燃燒損失、減少爐壁散熱等。也可以設置煙氣余熱回收系統來提高加熱爐的熱效率。

關鍵字：加熱爐；鋼結構；爐管；輻射；對流；

Abstract

Tubular-furnaceheating equipment is a kind of firepower, which the use of fuel combustion inthe furnace when the flame and flue gas temperature as a heat source, heatingin the furnace tube in the high-speed flow of medium to reach the processtemperature requirements, in order to supply medium during fractionation,decomposition or reaction process, such as the heat required to ensure normalproduction.

Thedesign for the annual production capacity of two million tons of crude oilcylinder tube furnace, in the completion of the design of the main paragraph ofradiation, convection, as well as the size of the stack process, the heatbalance, steel structure and the calculation and checking Selection of thevarious furnace components. Room size radiation technology, including radiationchamber furnace tube diameter, tube wall thickness, tube length, the root ofthe number of tube radiation, such as room dimensions; convection process roomsize, including the form of convection furnace tubes, furnace tube diameter,wall thickness of the tube, the tube row number and the root of the number ofeach row, the heat balance calculation of the part, including fuel, thespecifications of the burner and root number.

The gistof the present furnace design with high thermal efficiency and fuelutilization. Measures often used to reduce the furnace flue gas temperature,reducing the over-heated air coefficient, the Department of incompletecombustion to reduce the loss of chemicals to reduce the mechanical loss ofincomplete combustion, reduce heat, such as furnace wall. Flue gas can also beset up waste heat recovery system to increase the thermal efficiency offurnace.

Keywords: Furnace；Steel；Furnace tube；Radiation；Convection

目  錄

摘  要... I

Abstract II

第1章  緒論

1.1  課題背景... 1

1.2  本課題發展方向... 1

第2章  設計要求和設計參數... 3

2.1  設計要求... 3

2.2  設計參數... 3

2.2.1  燃料油... 3

2.2.2  原油工藝條件... 3

2.2.3  過熱蒸汽條件... 3

2.2.4  原油產品分率... 3

第3章  工藝計算... 4

3.1  加熱爐熱負荷計算... 4

3.1.1  管式加熱爐工藝計算所需的基礎數據... 4

3.1.2  被加熱介質的比焓... 4

3.1.3  被加熱介質的熱負荷... 5

3.2  燃燒過程計算... 6

3.2.1  燃料油燃燒物性... 6

3.2.2  加熱爐設計的熱效率計算... 6

3.3  輻射段計算... 9

3.3.1  輻射段基礎數據... 9

3.3.2  輻射段爐體尺寸確定... 10

3.3.3  輻射段熱平衡計算... 12

3.4  對流段計算... 14

3.4.1  核算對流段熱負荷... 14

3.4.2  對流段工藝尺寸計算... 21

3.5  加熱爐壓力降... 25

3.5.1  爐管壓力降... 25

3.5.2  加熱介質進口壓力降... 26

3.6  輻射爐管壁厚... 27

3.6.1  設計壓力... 27

3.6.2  設計溫度... 28

3.6.3  鋼管材料... 28

3.6.4  鋼管的計算壁厚... 29

3.7  煙囪設計... 29

3.7.1  煙囪直徑... 29

3.7.2  煙囪高度計算... 29

第4章  加熱爐的檢測、檢驗和試驗... 35

4.1  爐管水壓試驗... 35

4.2　爐管焊接接頭的檢測和檢驗... 35

第5章  加熱爐鋼結構... 36

5.1  輻射室鋼結構... 36

5.2  對流室鋼結構... 36

5.3  平臺梯子... 36

第6章  余熱回收系統... 38

第7章  加熱爐配件的設計選用... 39

7.1  輻射管的支撐... 39

7.2  看火門... 40

7.3  人孔門... 40

7.4  防爆門... 41

7.5  燃燒器的選擇... 42

7.6  清掃門和吹灰器... 43

結論... 44

參考文獻... 45

致謝... 46

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